• The U.S. Army is advancing portable nuclear microreactors under the Janus Program.
• Microreactors are smaller and faster to deploy than traditional reactors or SMRs.
• The initiative aligns with a broader U.S. push to expand nuclear capacity, including plans to quadruple national nuclear power by 2050 and accelerate SMR deployments with federal funding.

The current US administration has made the expansion of nuclear power a key priority, and through the Janus Program, the United States Army is placed to implement new, portable nuclear technology.

The program unveiled last year aims to supply “microreactors” – which are 100 to 1,000 times smaller than conventional nuclear reactors – to military bases by 2028.

The units can produce up to 20 megawatts of electricity and could provide dependable power for remote communities, military bases, data centers, and college campuses, especially in areas vulnerable to grid failures, states NBC Montana.

They differ from Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which range from 20 to 300 megawatts, and are designed to be portable, with some able to be hauled by a semi tractor-trailer.

Unlike traditional nuclear plants that take years to build, microreactors would be factory-built and deployed quickly.

The biggest portable generators for the U.S. military are currently about 800 kilowatts, so microreactors would be a significant power upgrade.

“The U.S. Army is leading the way on fielding innovative and disruptive technology,” said Secretary of the Army Dan Driscoll. “We are shredding red tape and incubating next-generation capabilities in a variety of critical sectors, including nuclear power.”

While the Energy Department and the U.S. Army will be responsible for supplying uranium fuel for the Janus program, the microreactors will be owned and operated commercially.

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Eventually, small nuclear reactors may be licensed to other sectors, like power-hungry AI data centers.

The U.S. Department of Defense is pursuing the concept as its military operations become more energy intensive and require portable, dense power sources, states Idaho National Laboratory.

In a press release, the U.S. Army says the Janus Program aims to deliver secure, resilient and reliable energy to support national defense installations and critical missions in accordance with Executive Order 14299, ‘Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security’.

Army leaders say on-site nuclear power would help protect bases from grid failures and from cyber or physical attacks on civilian energy infrastructure, NBC Montana reports.

The Army has identified nine installations under consideration to host microreactor power plants: Fort Benning, Fort Bragg, Fort Campbell, Fort Drum, Fort Hood, Fort Wainwright, Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, and Redstone Arsenal.

The sites were selected based on factors such as energy requirements, power infrastructure, and environmental and technical considerations.

The Army says an Area of Interest (AOI) notification has been released via the Department of Innovation Unit’s (DIU) website to solicit industry deployment of advanced nuclear technologies. Specific timelines for each location will be announced in future updates.

Energy Secretary Chris Wright said probably 10 different reactor designs will be demonstrated in the next 24 months.

Despite skepticism from some quarters on the safety of nuclear, there are just as many who believe it is a relatively benign form of baseload power that is necessary for the transition from fossil fuels to renewables. Nuclear, the argument goes, is emissions-free but does not suffer the intermittency problem of wind and solar.

Last May President Trump signed executive orders pledging to quadruple American nuclear energy capacity from approximately 100 gigawatts in 2024 to 400 GW by 2050.

There are currently 54 nuclear power plants operating in the United States, with 28 states having at least one reactor. According to the Energy Information Agency (EIA), Unit 3 at the Alvin W. Vogtle Electric Generating Plant in Georgia entered service on July 31, 2023 as part of a two-unit expansion project. It has 1,117 megawatts (MW) of net summer electricity generation capacity.

Unit 4, a Westinghouse AP1000 pressurized light water reactor, began commercial operations in April 2024. It is now the largest nuclear power plant in the United States, with four reactors and a total of 4,536 MW net summer electricity generation capacity.

Meanwhile, the Department of Energy has selected two Small Modular Reactor projects for federal funding. The Tennessee Valley Authority and Holtec will each receive USD$400 million in federal cost-shared funding to support early deployments of advanced light-water small modular reactors in the US, according to World Nuclear News.

Holtec plans to deploy two SMR-300 reactors at the Palisades Nuclear Generating Station site in Michigan, while TVA’s application was selected for funding to accelerate the deployment of the country’s first Gen III+ SMR at its Clinch River site in East Tennessee.

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